C.D. Hoy, Caucasian man with pamphlet, 1912

Black-and-white portrait of a man in a hat sitting cross-legged on a chair, reading a small booklet, with books, a clock, and a 1912 calendar behind him.

C.D. Hoy, Long Jim, c.1912

Black-and-white portrait of a man in a wide-brimmed hat sitting cross-legged on a chair beside a table with a clock and small tree, with a calendar and posters behind him.

Unlike Hoy’s Chinese sitters, his Caucasian and Indigenous subjects most likely did not understand the symbolism of the studio backdrops. Images such as that of a man (possibly Frank Roddie) (left) and of Long Jim, a Tsilhqotʼin man from Stone, are thus evidence of cultural transference in places where people of different ethnicities lived in proximity to each other.

C.D. Hoy, Caucasian man with pamphlet, 1912

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