glossary

A style that flourished in New York in the 1940s and 1950s, Abstract Expressionism is defined by its combination of formal abstraction and self-conscious expression. The term describes a wide variety of work; among the most famous Abstract Expressionists are Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman, and Willem de Kooning.

Berenice Abbott was born in Springfield, Ohio, and became a central figure in modern photography. Beginning as an assistant to Man Ray, she created portraits of the Parisian avant-garde in the 1920s and rescued French photographer Eugène Atget’s oeuvre. Returning to the U.S. in 1929, she achieved renown for documenting New York’s rapidly changing built environment throughout the 1930s.

An art historian and critic who was, from 1928 to 1943, the first professor of Fine Arts at Acadia University in Wolfville, Nova Scotia. Abell was a proponent of cultural democracy and the founder of the Maritime Art Association, which supported art programming and exhibitions throughout the region. He was a founding executive of the Federation of Canadian Artists, and his work helped establish a critical discourse around Canadian art.

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A photomechanical process to reproduce photographs in print, developed in the mid- to late-1800s by inventors including Canadian William Leggo, as well as Charles-Guillaume Petit, Frederic Ives, and Georg Meisenbach. It involves using a screen to translate a photographic image into a pattern of dots. The process revolutionized the illustrated press as, for the first time, photographs could be reproduced on the same page as type. The first commercially printed halftone photograph was published in Canada: an image of Prince Arthur on the cover of the Canadian Illustrated News on October 30, 1869.